职称是什么意思(财务顾问职称含义知多少？ | 巴伦双语)

职称是什么意思

Financial advisors come with an alphabet soup of designations. Here are some of the acronyms that matter most.
财务顾问的职称往往都是一串五花八门的字母简称。本文将介绍一些重要的首字母缩写的含义。
Advisors use acronyms that distinguish them but that can be confusing on first glance. The Financial Industry Regulatory Authority (Finra) lists more than 150 professional designations. Many have value, but some are hyper-specialized and others require very little time or effort to obtain.

我们可以通过财务顾问使用的首字母缩写来区分他们的职务，但这些缩写乍一看可能会让人感到困惑。美国金融业监管局(Financial Industry Regulatory Authority，简称FINRA)列出的专业职称有150多个，许多都很有含金量，但有一些职称是非常专业的，而其他的一些则无需付出多少时间或精力就能获得。

Here are a handful of the more rigorous and respected designations:

以下是一些考证难度较大以及更受人重视的职称。

Chartered Financial Analyst (CFA)

One of the toughest designations to obtain, requiring an advisor to pass three six-hour exams that together require about 750 to 900 hours of study over three years. This designation is on a par with an advanced college degree, and those holding a CFA have shown proficiency in a wide range of financial disciplines, including economics, accounting, portfolio management and ethical behavior.

特许金融分析师(简称CFA）
这是最难获得的职称之一，要求考生通过三门考试，每门考试时长六小时。为完成这些考试，考生要在三年时间里完成大约750小时到900小时的学习。这一职称和大学学位相当，持有CFA证书说明考生精通各类金融学科，包括经济学、会计学、投资组合管理和职业道德行为等。

Certified Financial Planner (CFP)

This designation is aimed specifically at the discipline of financial planning. Advisors must complete a CFP Board-approved educational program, which amounts to about 18 semester hours in various areas of financial planning such as tax strategies, estate planning, insurance, and investing, plus a course that draws all the learning together. There is also a final exam and a continuing education requirement of 30 hours every two years.

国际金融理财师(简称CFP)
这一职称专门针对财务规划学科。考生必须完成CFP标准委员会授权的教育大纲，大纲涵盖了税收策略、遗产规划、保险和投资等各个财务规划领域，外加一门综合课程，相当于大约18个学分。此外，还有一场期末考试和每两年30小时的继续教育要求。

Certified Investment Management Analyst (CIMA)

Your advisor is the gatekeeper between you and an industry that really wants to sell you stuff, not all of it in your best interest. The curriculum behind this designation is aimed at helping advisors analyze asset management, investment policy, and risk management, and reflects an advisor’s skills in evaluating investment managers and others who provide financial products. Obtaining a CIMA takes about nine months and includes about 250 hours of study and passing two exams. It also requires completion of a program at a top-20 business school and 40 hours of continuing education every two years.

注册投资管理分析师（简称CIMA)
投资管理分析师是介于你和一个非常想向你推销产品的行业之间的守门人，那个行业向你推销的东西并不总是为你的最大利益着想。为这一职称设计的课程旨在帮助顾问对资产管理、投资政策和风险管理进行分析，能够反映出顾问对投资经理和其他金融产品提供者进行评估的技能。获得CIMA认证大约需要九个月，包括大约250个小时的学习和通过两门考试。要想获得CIMA还需要在排名前20名的美国商学院中的一家完成一门课程，并且每两年完成40小时的继续教育。

Registered Investment Advisor (RIA)

Not a designation, but still an abbreviation worth knowing. RIAs are independent financial advisors—a group that has long stood in contrast to the advisors who work for the large brokerage houses. Independent advisors are governed by the SEC and by the fiduciary standard, meaning that they are legally obliged to look out for their clients’ best interests.
There was a time where this fiduciary duty was a huge point of differentiation between RIAs and brokerage-house advisors, but this is changing. Although the Labor Department’s fiduciary rule is officially dead, it has left its mark; more would-be clients understand the importance of working with a financial advisor who is a true fiduciary.

注册投资顾问(简称RIA)
这不是一个职称，但仍然是一个值得去了解的缩写名称。RIA是独立的财务顾问，很长时间以来RIA都和大型券商的顾问对比鲜明。独立财务顾问受美国证券交易委员会(U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission，简称SEC)和信托标准(fiduciary standard)的管理，这意味着他们在法律上有义务关注客户的最佳利益。
曾经有一段时间，这种信托义务是RIA持证者和券商顾问之间一个很大的不同之处，但这种情况正在发生变化。尽管美国劳工部(Labor Department)的信托法规已经正式失效，但影响仍在；更多的潜在客户明白与那些真正承担受托人责任的财务顾问合作的重要性。

Regulation or no regulation, your best defense is to understand how your financial advisor is compensated, and ask point-blank how he or she is putting your best interests first. If an advisor seems too eager to sell you on an unnecessary insurance policy or a mutual fund whose high fees are unwarranted, don’t be shy about asking what’s behind the advice.

不论顾问是否受到监管，最好的对策是去了解你的财务顾问是如何获得报酬的，并直截了当地问他或她准备如何把你的最大利益放在首位。如果有一名顾问看起来过于迫切地向你推销不必要的保单或无缘由高费用的共同基金，那么请不要羞于质疑其建议背后的目的。

*本文内容仅供参考，投资建议不代表《巴伦》倾向；市场有风险，投资须谨慎。

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《巴伦》2019年4月2日报道“What the Alphabet Soup of Financial Advisor Designation Actually Means”。《财经》获道琼斯旗下《巴伦》（Barron's）在中国大陆独家授权，原创文章未经许可，不得转载。◢

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